Friday, February 24, 2012

Money Doesn't Grow On Trees

Corny title, yes. But the saying is true regardless of the place. Especially in Puerto Rico. That's right, you guessed it. Today, we're going to be talking about the economy. Yay!


So first, a quick overview. To this day, Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economic structures in the entire Caribbean region. Its purchasing power GDP is $64.84 billion (2010). In order to better understand that, let's compare that to the U.S.'s $15.04 trillion and Haiti's $12.44 billion. The majority of their money came from their diverse agriculture, but recently money made from their industrial sector has surpassed the money made from their agriculture sales. This industrial sector also provides many citizens on the island with a source of income. When thinking about their general economy, it is important to remember the connection between the United States and Puerto Rico. For example, the minimum wage laws apply to Puerto Rico. Their currency is also the U.S. dollar, but it's commonly referred to by Puerto Ricans as the peso. They commonly trade with the United States. Lastly, tourism has always been a huge source of income for Puerto Rico.


Luckily, we all have a right to the census, so all of their detailed information is there. So if you want to know more, you're just a click away. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s1322.pdf

Unlike many other Latin American places, Puerto Rico does not have completely impoverished cities. Instead, like the United States, Puerto Rico has impoverished neighborhoods. San Juan is an awesome place to look at in order to understand the economy in Puerto Rico. San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico, has holds neighborhoods with the wealthiest and poorest people. The wealthier neighborhoods are due to tourism. San Juan holds the most tourists on the entire island. I personally think it's because of the Bacardi Rum Factory. People sure do love their alcohol. My mother even went. 
See:




Pictures are worth 1000 words . San Juan has areas like these:
Zip Line Site. http://www.caribbeanportreviews.com/SanJuanPR.htm
Beach Cities Real Estate. http://www.bcre.com/San-Juan-Capistrano.php

As well as areas like these:
Google Earth
The image above is taken from one of the many caserios in San Juan. Caserios are like United States housing projects. They house families with low incomes. It's interesting that a place with so much money concentrated in one area can have poorer places such as these.

Sources:
"Puerto Rico." The World Factbook. www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html (accessed February 24, 2012).

"Puerto Rico Economy." Welcome to Puerto Rico! History, Government, Geography, and Culture. http://www.topuertorico.org/economy.shtml (accessed February 24, 2012).

"The 2012 Statistical Abstract: Puerto Rico & the Island Areas." Census Bureau Homepage. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/puerto_rico_the_island_areas.html (accessed February 24, 2012). 

"United States." The World Facebook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html (accessed February 24, 2012).

"Haiti." The World Facebook. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ha.html (accessed February 24, 2012).

Friday, February 17, 2012

Behind the White Wigs and Robes: Government in Puerto Rico.

Today, I'll be discussing the current state of government in Puerto Rico.

Puerto Rico's government is an interesting form of government. Puerto Rico is its own island, but it's not a country, it's a commonwealth. Puerto Rico is self-governing, but many aspects of their government are in association with the United States. Their chief of state is Mr. Obama himself and as United States presidents alternate, so do Puerto Rican chief of states. The head of government in Puerto Rico is an elected governor.
Puerto Rico has authority over all of their internal affairs (unless it's something that involves United States law, like pollution and public health). The United States has authority over...everything else. This includes control over: interstate trade, foreign relations and commerce, customs administration, control of air, land and sea, immigration and emigration, nationality and citizenship, currency, maritime laws, military service, military bases, army, navy and air force, declaration of war, constitutionality of laws, jurisdictions and legal procedures, treaties, radio, television, and all other aspects of communications, agriculture, mining and minerals, highways, postal system, Social Security, and anything else that is generally controlled by the federal government of the United States.

So basically, what differs mainly from Puerto Rico and any of the 50 states is that Puerto Rico has no control over what goes on in the United States government. Citizens have no voting rights in the United States presidential elections. Puerto Rico has one resident commissioner ,who has voice, but no vote, in the Congress of United States.

The United States gives Puerto Rico just enough power to have a bit of control over their island, but not enough to be their own country. Because it's not its own country, many of Puerto Rico's injustices are based on United States law. This largely affects people of African descent in Puerto Rico. Discrimination is alive and prominent in the United States, therefore it's just as prevalent in Puerto Rico. Discrimination towards Puerto Ricans of African descent is even greater because Puerto Rico is such a concentrated area. With the combination between discrimination based on U.S. law and embedded racism on the island from times of African enslavement, discrimination towards Puerto Ricans of African descent is at an all time high.

In order to begin working towards ending discrimination towards Puerto Ricans of African descent on the island, I believe that Puerto Rico needs to become its own country.

While looking up news articles about Puerto Rican's government, I clicked past numerous articles about Sonia Sotomayor's connection to the island and violence towards the Puerto Rican judicial system. Since Sotomayor became a member of the supreme court, many articles have been written about her being of Puerto Rican descent and if that would change government on the island or not. So far, nothing has changed. As for the violence in Puerto Rico, as of today, the courts have granted protection for workers of the Puerto Rican justice system along with their families. Many Puerto Ricans are unhappy with the justice system and are becoming violent. I read about it here. The article is in Spanish, but google translate is an amazing source of assistance.

The article that surprised me the most was a fox news article about Puerto Rico now being considered a "narco-state" because of it's involvement with drugs. Government officials are doing everything they can in order to deny these statements. Officials claim that drugs need to be embedded in Puerto Rican government in order for Puerto Rico to be considered a "narco-state." So as of now, that's a big government priority. They're trying to protect the integrity of the island.
Don't believe me? See for yourself here.

Sources:
"Puerto Rico Government." Welcome to Puerto Rico! History, Government, Geography, and Culture. . http://www.topuertorico.org/government.shtml (accessed February 17, 2012).

 "Exjueces del Supremo aseguran que alguaciles también deben proteger a su familia - El Nuevo Día." El Nuevo Día - Noticias de Puerto Rico, información de última hora y multimedia - El Nuevo Día. http://www.elnuevodia.com/exjuecesdelsupremoaseguranquealguacilestambiendebenprotegerasufamilia-1192229.html (accessed February 17, 2012).

"Puerto Rico Government Denies Island Is 'Narco-State'." Fox News Latino. http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2011/12/13/puerto-rican-govt-denies-island-is-narco-state/ (accessed February 17, 2012).

Friday, February 10, 2012

Intro to Puerto Rico

Hey everyone,

Welcome to my blog. I figured I'd officially welcome you because my first post isn't one that actually pertains to my blog. It was just a silly tester (though my professor is actually great). Attempts for brownie points aside, this blog will be exploring Puerto Rico and it's role in the African Diaspora. Though the island is small, its history is not.

I'm doing this blog for my Africa in Diaspora class. Each student chose a country that has ties to the African Diaspora. Each week this semester, we're given a topic and we have to respond to it with information pertaining to our country. I know, I know, Puerto Rico is a commonwealth (but don't ever tell a Puerto Rican that). Puerto Rican ideals are strong and many believe that their island is just as much a country as any place else. Their ideals are partly why I chose Puerto Rico for my blog. Many of their embedded ideals are influenced by their long history, the African Diaspora in particular. Similar to the United States, racial hierarchies are embedded in Puerto Rican culture. Social scientists describe embedded racial hierarchy as "pigmentocracy." This term describes societies in which wealth and social status are determined by skin color. I chose Puerto Rico because I've always been interested in how the diaspora relates to how Puerto Ricans think.

From the Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture


Despite contrary belief, African enslavement was very much a part of Puerto Rico during the most common African Diaspora. In fact, it was abolished in 1873, eight years after slavery was abolished in the United States. Enslaved Africans were introduced to Puerto Rico in 1513, back when Puerto Rico was a Spanish colony before it was ceded to the United States in 1898. Spain refused to see Puerto Rico as anything else but a military outpost, though they had ample sugar. Puerto Rico would've been classified as a society with slaves as opposed to a slave society. Enslaved Africans tended to the sugar production on the island while Spain handled their feuds with other places such as Britain. Native Puerto Ricans, (the indigenous Tainos, mixed races citizens, and enslaved Africans) were never in a position of power after Spain conquered Puerto Rico. Africans have always been at the lowest point in the racial ladder. Though many Puerto Ricans deny their African ancestry in order to climb the social ladder, Puerto Rican culture shows that the cultures of various African tribes are prominent in the Puerto Rican lifestyle. Various crops (such as plantains and their unique preparations in mofongos, tostones and pasteles), religions (Santería), dances (bomba and plena), and instruments (congas, bongos) reveal Puerto Rico's unmistakable ties to the African diaspora. There's no denying it.
By the way, pasteles are the best food known to man kind.

I found this interesting video that I think explains racial issues, as well as the history of slavery, in Puerto Rico well:



Negative ideals aside, I also chose Puerto Rico because throughout my life, I've always admired the beauty of the island and its culture. Puerto Rican culture has been in my life for as long as I can remember. My family isn't so good at talking about themselves and their pasts, so they would speak about what a wonderful place it is. I also want to explore the culture in order to learn about the positive aspects of it in terms of the diaspora.


I mean come on, it's just a beautiful place.
Here are some pictures my mom took when she went last fall (without me....):

Collier, Josie. September 2011. San Juan.
Collier, Josie. September 2011. San Juan.
Collier, Josie. September 2011. San Juan.

Sources (Giving credit is always great):

Richard, Lynn. Pigmentocracy: Racial Hierarchies in the Caribbean and Latin America. Augusta: University of Ulster, 2008.

"Black Studies Center: Information Site." Black Studies Center: Information Site. http://bsc.chadwyck.com/search/displayMultiTimelineItem.do?Multi=yes&ResultsID=134CF672BBF&fromPage=search&ItemNumber=1&QueryName=events (accessed February 10, 2012).

Briggs Kent, Jacquelyn, and Jorge Chinea. "Puerto Rico." In Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. Detriot: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008. 408-415.

Tuesday, February 7, 2012

Bienvenido

Hey everyone,

Wepa is a term of excitement used by many Puerto Ricans. My blog will be exploring areas beyond the wepa. This blog is for my Africa in Diaspora class. I'll be exploring Puerto Rico's role in the African Diaspora.

Puerto Rico is great.

Puerto Rico is great.

Puerto Rico is great.

P.S. My professor is great.